Saint domingo de guzman biography sample

Saint Dominic

Founder of the Dominican Command (–)

"Saint Sunday" redirects here. For about, see Saint Sunday (disambiguation). For the village in Cornwall, see St Dominic, Cornwall. For places named after Saint Dominic, or other saints named Dominic, see St Dominic (disambiguation).

Saint


Dominic


OP

Santo Domingo de Guzmán, portrait by the Spanish painter Claudio Coello in

BornDomingo Félix de Guzmán y Aza
8 August
Caleruega, Kingdom of Castile
Died6 August () (aged&#;50)
Bologna, Kingdom of Italy, Spiritual Roman Empire
Venerated&#;in
Canonized13 July , Rieti Cathedral by Pope Gregory IX
Major shrineBasilica of San Domenico
Feast
AttributesDominican practice, dog, star above his brain, lilies, Dominical rule, staff, rosary
PatronageAstronomers, Natural Sciences; Archdiocese of Fuzhou; astronomy; Dominican Republic; Santo Domingo Pueblo, Valletta, Birgu (Malta), Campana, Calabria, Managua

Saint Dominic, OP (Spanish: Santo Domingo; 8 August – 6 August ), also acknowledged as Dominic de Guzmán (Spanish:[ɡuθˈman]), was a CastilianCatholic priest and the founder of the Dominican Order.

He is the patron saint of astronomers and innate scientists, and he and his order are traditionally credited with spreading and popularizing the rosary. He is alternatively called Dominic of Osma, Dominic of Caleruega, and Domingo Félix de Guzmán, and, in Britain and Ireland, Saint Sunday.

Life

Birth and soon life

Dominic was born in Caleruega, halfway between Osma and Aranda de Duero in Old Castile, Spain.[1] He was named after Saint Dominic of Silos.

The Benedictineabbey of Santo Domingo de Silos lies a few miles north of Caleruega.

In the earliest narrative source, by Jordan of Saxony, Dominic's parents are not named. The story is told that before his birth his barren mother made a pilgrimage to the Abbey at Silos, and dreamt that a dog leapt from her womb carrying a flaming torch in its mouth, and seemed to set the earth on passion.

This story is likely to have emerged when his direct became known, after his identify, as the Dominican order, Dominicanus in Latin, and a act on words interpreted as Domini canis: "Dog of the Lord."[2] Jordan adds that Dominic was brought up by his parents and a maternal uncle who was an archbishop.[3] The defeat to name his parents is not unusual, since Jordan wrote a history of the Order's early years, rather than a biography of Dominic.

A later source of the 13th century gives their names as Juana and Felix.[4] Nearly a century after Dominic's birth, a local author asserted that Dominic's father was "vir venerabilis et dives in populo suo" ("an honored and wealthy man in his village").[5] The travel narrative of Pero Tafur, written circa (about a pilgrimage to Dominic's tomb in Italy), states that Dominic's father belonged to the family de Guzmán, and that his mother belonged to the Aça or Aza family.[6] Dominic's mother, Joan of Aza, was beatified by Pope Leo XII in His older brother, Manés was also beatified by Pope Gregory XVI on

Education and first career

At fourteen years of age, Dominic was sent to the Premonstratensian monastery of Santa María de La Vid and subsequently transferred for further studies in the schools of Palencia.[7] In Palencia, he devoted six years to the arts and four to theology.

At some signal in time he also linked Santa María de La Vid.[7]

In , when Spain was desolated by famine, young Dominic gave away his money and sold his clothes, furniture, and even precious manuscripts to feed the hungry.

Dominic reportedly told his astonished fellow students, "Would you have me study off these dead skins when men are dying of hunger?"[9]

At the age of 24, Dominic was ordained as a priest and subsequently joined the canonry of the Cathedral of Osma.[10] In , Don Martin de Bazan, the Bishop of Osma, having reformed the chapter, made Dominic the subprior of the chapter.[11]

Diego de Acebo succeeded Bazan as Bishop of Osma in In or , Dominic accompanied Diego on a diplomatic mission for Alfonso VIII, King of Castile, to secure a bride in Denmark for crown prince Ferdinand.[12] The envoys traveled to Denmark via Aragon and the south of France.

The marriage negotiations ended successfully, but the princess died before leaving for Castile.[13] During their return journey, they met with Cistercian monks who had been sent by Pope Guiltless III to preach against the Cathars, a religious sect with gnostic and dualistic beliefs which the Catholic Church deemed heretical.

Dominic and Diego de Acebo attributed the Cistercians' lack of success to their extravagance and pomp compared to the asceticism of the Cathars. Dominic and Diego decided to adopt a more ascetic way of being and began a program in the south of France to convert the Cathars.[11]

Prouille

In late , Acebo and his group established themselves at the Monastery of Our Lady of Prouille in France.

Bishop Foulques of Toulouse allowed them to use the church. The house was intended partly as a refuge for women who had previously lived in Cathar religious houses, and partly the first established establish of operations.[14] The first nuns of Prouille lived for several months at Fanjeaux, because the buildings at Prouille were not yet habitable.

Dominic gave them the Rule of St. Augustine.

Catholic-Cathar debates were held at Verfeil, Pamiers and Montréal.[15] Ordered by the Pope to refund to his diocese, Diego de Acebo died at Osma in December , leaving Dominic alone in his mission.[10]

The Vision of Mary and the rosary

Based on a Dominican tradition, in Dominic experienced a vision of the Blessed Virgin Mary in the church at Prouille, during which she gave him a rosary.[16] This gave rise to the title Our Lady of the Rosary.[17]

According to Bollandists, the story of the vision was originated with Alanus de Rupe,[18] which is not to be regarded as historical.[19]

The spread of the rosary is attributed to the preaching of the Dominicans.

For centuries the rosary has been at the heart of the Dominican Order. Pope Pius XI stated, that the rosary is "the principle and foundation on which the Order of St. Dominic rests for perfecting the lives of its members and obtaining the salvation of others."[20]

Foundation of the Dominicans

In , Dominic established himself, with six followers, in a house given by Peter Seila, a rich resident of Toulouse.

Dominic saw the need for a new type of organization to address the spiritual needs of the growing cities of the era, one that would combine dedication and systematic education, with more organizational flexibility than either monastic orders or the secular clergy.

He subjected himself and his companions to the monastic rules of prayer and penance; Bishop Foulques gave them written authority to preach throughout the territory of Toulouse.[22]

Also in , the year of the Fourth Lateran Council, Dominic and Foulques went to Rome to secure the endorsement of Pope Innocent III.

Dominic returned to Rome a year later and was finally granted written authority in December by the new pope, Honorius III, for him to form the Ordo Praedicatorum ("Order of Preachers").[11]

In the winter of –, at the house of Ugolino de' Conti, Dominic first met William of Montferrat, who joined Dominic as a friar in the Order of Preachers and remained a close friend.

Later life

Cecilia Cesarini, who was received by Dominic into his new order, in her old age described him as "thin and of middle height.

His face was handsome and somewhat fair. He had reddish hair and beard and beautiful eyes His hands were long and fine and his voice pleasingly resonant. He never got bald, though he wore the full tonsure, which was mingled with a few grey hairs."[24]

Although he traveled extensively to maintain contact with his growing brotherhood of friars, Dominic made his headquarters in Rome.

In , Pope Honorius III invited Dominic and his companions to take up residence at the ancient Roman basilica of Santa Sabina, which they did by early Before that time the friars had only a temporary residence in Rome at the convent of San Sisto Vecchio, which Honorius III had given to Dominic circa , intending it to become a convent for a reformation of nuns at Rome under Dominic's guidance.

The official foundation of the Dominican convent at Santa Sabina with its studium conventuale, the first Dominican studium in Rome, occurred with the legal convey of property from Pope Honorius III to the Order of Preachers on 5 June , though the brethren had taken up residence there already in [27] The studium at Santa Sabina was the forerunner of the studium generale at Santa Maria sopra Minerva.

The latter would be transformed in the 16th century into the College of Saint Thomas (Latin: Collegium Divi Thomæ), and then in the 20th century into the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum sited at the convent of Saints Dominic and Sixtus.

Dominic arrived in Bologna on 21 December A convent was established at the Mascarella church by Reginald of Orleans.

And yet, we know of great men and women throughout history who have lived up to that ideal more or less closely. Growing up in a pious family the juvenile Dominic was steeped in the teachings of the Gospel. Perhaps inspired by the example of his uncle, who was a priest, a religious vocation seemed like a natural path for the young man. At age 24, Dominic was ordained, and soon became a Canon in the Cathedral of Osma.

Soon afterward they had to advance to the church of San Nicolò of the Vineyards. Dominic settled in this church and held here the first two General Chapters of the order.

According to Guiraud, Dominic abstained from meat, "observed stated fasts and periods of silence", "selected the worst accommodations and the meanest clothes", and "never allowed himself the luxury of a bed".

"When traveling, he beguiled the journey with spiritual instruction and prayers". Guiraud also states that Dominic frequently traveled barefoot and that "rain and other discomforts elicited from his lips nothing but praises to God".

Dominic died at the age of fifty-one, according to Guiraud "exhausted with the austerities and labors of his career".

He had reached the convent of St Nicholas at Bologna, Italy, "weary and sick with a fever". Guiraud states that Dominic "made the monks lay him on some sacking stretched upon the ground" and that "the brief moment that remained to him was spent in exhorting his followers to have charity, to guard their humility, and to form their treasure out of poverty".

He died at noon on 6 August [10] His body was moved to a basic sarcophagus in Under the power of Pope Gregory IX, Dominic was canonized in In Dominic's remains were moved to the shrine, made by Nicola Pisano and his workshop for the Church of St.

Dominic in Bologna.

Inquisition

Dominic is commonly but apocryphally associated with the Inquisition. Historical sources from Dominic's own day period reveal nothing about his involvement in the Inquisition.[42] Dominic died in , and the office of the Inquisition was not established until in Lombardy and in Languedoc.[43]

Canon 27 of the Third Council of the Lateran of stressed the duty of princes to repress heresy and condemned "the Brabantians, Aragonese, Basques, Navarrese, and others who practice such cruelty toward Christians that they respect neither churches nor monasteries, spare neither widows nor orphans, neither age nor sex, but after the style of pagans, destroy and lay waste everything".[44] This was followed in by a decretal of Pope Lucius III, Ad abolendam.

This decreed that bishops were to investigate the presence of heresy within their respective dioceses. Practices and procedures of episcopal inquisitions could vary from one diocese to another, depending on the resources available to individual bishops and their relative interest or disinterest.

Convinced that Church teaching contained revealed truth, the first recourse of bishops was that of persuasio. Through discourse, debates, and preaching, they sought to present a better explanation of Church teaching.

St. Dominic of Guzmán, priest,Founder of the Order of The ...: Saint Dominic, founder of the Organize of Friars Preachers (Dominicans), a mendicant religious order with a universal mission of preaching, a centralized organization and government, and a great emphasis on scholarship. Learn more about Saint Dominic in this article.

This approach often proved very successful.[45]

In Pope Gregory IX appointed a number of Papal Inquisitors, mostly Dominicans and Franciscans, for the various regions of Europe. As mendicants, they were accustomed to explore.

Unlike the haphazard episcopal methods, the papal inquisition was thorough and systematic, keeping detailed records. This tribunal or court functioned in France, Italy and parts of Germany and had virtually ceased operation by the prior fourteenth century.[46]

In the 15th century, the Spanish Inquisition commissioned the artist Pedro Berruguete to depict Dominic presiding at an auto da fé.

Thus, the Spanish inquisitors promoted a historical legend for the sake of auto-justification.[47] Reacting against the Spanish tribunals, 16th- and 17th-century Protestant polemicists gladly developed and perpetuated the legend of Dominic the Inquisitor.[48] This image gave German Protestant critics of the Catholic Church an argument against the Dominican Order whose preaching had proven to be a formidable opponent in the lands of the Reformation.[49] As Edward Peters notes, "In Protestant historiography of the sixteenth century a kind of anti-cult of St.

Dominic grew up."[48]

Cord of Saint Dominic

The Cord (belt) of Saint Dominic is a Catholicsacramental which reminds the wearer of the protection of Saint Dominic.[50] The history of the cord is associated with the miraculous image of Saint Dominic in Soriano, the perimeter of which painting defines the length of the Cord.[51] The beginning of the prayer "O wonderful hope" is written on the Cord.[52] According to the tradition, if someone wishes to receive grace from Saint Dominic, they should wear it all the time.[53] Infertile couples apply the Cord to pray for intercession of Saint Dominic for the gift of offspring from God.[54]

Toponymy

The country Dominican Republic and its capital Santo Domingo are named after Saint Dominic.

Veneration

The Arca di San Domenico is a shrine containing the remains of Saint Dominic, located in the Basilica of San Domenico in Bologna.

The feast of Saint Dominic is celebrated with great pomp and devotion in Malta, in the old capital of Birgu and the capital city Valletta.

The Dominican request has very strong links with Malta and Pope Pius V, a Dominican friar himself, aided the Knights of St. John to build the city of Valletta.[55]

The Pattern of Urlaur is an annual festival held on 4 August at Urlaur, Kilmovee, County Mayo since medieval times, to commemorate the feast date of Saint Dominic.[56]

The following dates are all feasts dedicated to Saint Dominic observed by Catholics depending on location and tradition:

Dominic is honored in the Church of England and in the Episcopal Church on 8 August.[66][67]

See also

References

  1. ^"Saint Dominic", Franciscan Media
  2. ^Walsh, Michael J., "Joan of Aza", A New Dictionary of Saints, Liturgical Press, ISBN&#;
  3. ^Libellus de principiis, 4.
  4. ^Pedro Ferrando, "Legenda Sancti Dominici, 4."
  5. ^Cerrato, Rodrigo de Vita S.

    Dominic

  6. ^Pero Tafur, Andanças e viajes (tr. Malcolm Letts, p. 31). Tafur's book is dedicated to a member of the de Guzmán family.
  7. ^ abHook, Walter Farquhar ().

    An ecclesiastical biography, containing the lives of ancient fathers and modern divines, interspersed with notices of heretics and schismatics, forming a brief history of the church in every age. Vol.&#;4. London: F. and J.

    Rivington; Parker, Oxford; J. and J. J. Deighton, Cambridge; T. Harrison, Leeds. p.&#;

  8. ^Thomsett, Michael C., The Inquisition: A History,(McFarland, ), p. 54
  9. ^ abc"St.

    Dominic of Guzmán, priest, Founder of the Order of The Preachers – Information on the Saint of the Day – Vatican News". . Retrieved 31 October

  10. ^ abc&#;O'Connor, John Bonaventure ().

    "St. Dominic".

    Feast Day: August 8. Death: August 1, 6. He was the son of Blessed Joan of Aza, who had difficulty conceiving and prayed to Saint Dominic of Silos, the patron saint of fertility. When she became pregnant, Joan named the child Dominic in honor of the saint.

    In Herbermann, Charles (ed.). Catholic Encyclopedia. Novel York: Robert Appleton Company. Retrieved 31 October

  11. ^Jordan of Saxony, Libellus de principiis pp. 14–20; Gérard de Frachet, Chronica prima [MOPH ].
  12. ^"Saint Dominic", Lay DominicansArchived 13 January at the Wayback Machine
  13. ^William Westcott Kibler, Medieval France: An Encyclopedia (Routledge ), s.v. "Dominican order".
  14. ^Duvernoy, Jean (), Guillaume de Puylaurens, Chronique – Chronica magistri Guillelmi de Podio Laurentii, Paris: CNRS, ISBN&#; pp.

    ,

  15. ^Catherine Beebe, St. Dominic and the rosaryISBN&#;
  16. ^Robert Feeney, The Rosary: The Little SummaISBN&#;
  17. ^The Rosary () New Advent
  18. ^Alanus de Rupe
  19. ^History of the Dominicans () Dominican Shrine of St.

    Jude, New Priory Press

  20. ^French translation of Foulques' letterArchived 11 January at the Wayback Machine
  21. ^"Life of St. Dominic", Dominicans of Canada
  22. ^Pierre Mandonnet, OP () St. Dominic and His WorkArchived 18 June at the Wayback Machine, Translated by Sister Mary Benedicta Larkin, OP, B.

    Herder Book Co., St. Louis/London, Chapter III, note "If the installation at Santa Sabina does not date from , at least it is from The official grant was made only in June (Bullarium OP, I, 15). But the terms of the bull show that there had been a concession earlier.

    Before that concession, the Pope said that the friars had no hospitium in Rome. At that time St. Sixtus was no longer theirs; Conrad of Metz could not have alluded to St. Sixtus, therefore, when he said in "The Pope has conferred on them a property in Rome" (Laurent no.

    ). It is possible that the Pope was waiting for the completion of the building that he was having done at Santa Sabina, before giving the title to the property, on 5 June , to the new Master of the Instruction, elected not many days before." Accessed 20 May

  23. ^*Page of the painting at Prado Museum.
  24. ^See Bernard Hamilton () The Medieval Inquisition, pp.

    36–37, New York: Holmes & Meier; Simon Tugwell&#;[Wikidata] () Early Dominicans: Selected Writings, p. , note 90, Ramsey, New Jersey: Paulist Press

  25. ^Guy Bedouelle () St. Dominic: The Grace of the Word, p.

    , San Francisco: Ignatius Press

  26. ^Sullivan, Karen. Truth and the heretic: crises of knowledge in medieval French literature, (University of Chicago Flatten, ) p.
  27. ^Peters, Edward ().

    Inquisition. Berkeley and Los Angeles, CA: University of California Urge . ISBN&#;

  28. ^""Medieval Inquisition", Univ. of St. Thomas". Archived from the authentic on 2 June Retrieved 9 May
  29. ^Edward Peters () Inquisition, p.

    , New York: The Free Press

  30. ^ abPeters, Inquisition, p
  31. ^Peters, Inquisition, p.
  32. ^ "O pasku – Mniszki dominikańskie na Gródku" (in Polish).

    Retrieved 6 December

  33. ^"Pasek św.

    His feast morning is celebrated on August 8 every year in the Catholic Church. St Dominic was born in Caleruega, Castile, Spain. She made a pilgrimage to the Benedictine abbey of Santo Domingo de Silos which is a few miles north of Caleruega. Her mother had a imagine that a dog had jumped from her womb carrying a torch in its mouth and set the world on fire.

    Dominika". Przewodnik Katolicki (in Polish). Retrieved 6 December

  34. ^"Contemplata aliis Tradere". Retrieved 6 December
  35. ^"Pasek św. Dominika – historia oraz świadectwa szczęśliwych matek".

    PCHpl (in Polish). 21 August Retrieved 6 December

  36. ^portalu, Redakcja (8 August ). "Dla pragnących potomstwa - Pasek św. Dominika". (in Polish). Retrieved 6 December
  37. ^Robert Feeney.

    "St. Dominic and the Rosary". Archived from the authentic on 8 June Retrieved 11 July

  38. ^"Kilkelly, County Mayo", Mayo Ireland
  39. ^ abc"Capilla y Sepulcro".

    (in Spanish). 13 December Retrieved 6 December

  40. ^ abZeno. "Lexikoneintrag zu »Dominicus, S. (7)«. Vollständiges Heiligen-Lexikon, Band 1. " (in German). Retrieved 6 December
  41. ^ ab"San Domenico di Guzman".

    . Retrieved 6 December

  42. ^"Liturgical Calendar — Australia ()". . Retrieved 6 December
  43. ^"Dominik". (in Polish). Retrieved 6 December
  44. ^Provect.

    Saint Dominic, OP (Spanish: Santo Domingo; 8 August – 6 August ), also known as Dominic de Guzmán (Spanish: [ɡuθˈman]), was a Castilian Catholic priest and the founder of the Dominican Order.

    "Kalendarz liturgiczny - sierpień - Diecezja Sosnowiecka". Kalendarz liturgiczny - sierpień - Diecezja Sosnowiecka. Retrieved 6 December

  45. ^Catholic Church (). Martyrologium Romanum ().
  46. ^"Santuario San Domenico in Soriano".

    (in Italian). Retrieved 6 December

  47. ^Lippini, P. (). Piccolo breviario (in Italian). Edizioni Studio Domenicano. ISBN&#;.
  48. ^"The Calendar". The Church of England.

    He is the patron saint of astronomers and instinctive scientistsand he and his arrange are traditionally credited with spreading and popularizing the rosary. In the earliest narrative source, by Jordan of SaxonyDominic's parents are not named. The story is told that before his birth his barren mother made a pilgrimage to the Abbey at Silosand dreamt that a mutt leapt from her womb carrying a flaming torch in its mouth, and seemed to position the earth on fire. This story is likely to own emerged when his order became known, after his name, as the Dominican order, Dominicanus in Latin, and a play on words interpreted as Domini canis : "Dog of the Lord.

    Retrieved 27 March

  49. ^Lesser Feasts and Fasts . Church Publishing, Inc. 17 December ISBN&#;.

Bibliography

  • Bedouelle, Guy (). Saint Dominic: The Grace of the Word.

    Ignatius Force. ISBN&#;. An excerpt is accessible online: "The Holy Inquisition: Dominic and the Dominicans"

  • Finn, Richard (). Dominic and the Order of Preachers. London: Catholic Truth World. ISBN&#;. Retrieved 20 February
  • Goergen, Donald J.

    (). Saint Dominic: The Story of a Preaching Friar. New York: The Paulist Press. ISBN&#;.

  • Guiraud, Jean (). Saint Dominic. Duckworth.
  • Francis C. Lehner, ed., St Dominic: biographical documents.

    Washington: Thomist Press, Full text

  • McGonigle, Thomas; Zagano, Phyllis (). The Dominican Tradition. Collegeville, MN: The Liturgical Press.

    Biography. Saint Dominic de Guzman, also known as Dominic of Osma and Dominic of Caleruega, was born in in Calaruega, Burgos, Old Castile, in Spain. He was the son of Blessed Joan of Aza, who had difficulty conceiving and prayed to Saint Dominic of Silos, the patron saint of fertility.

    ISBN&#;.

  • Pierre Mandonnet, M. H. Vicaire, St. Dominic and His Work. Saint Louis, Full write at Dominican Central
  • Catholic Encyclopedia: St. Dominic by John B. O'Conner,
  • Tugwell, Simon ().

    Early Dominicans: Selected Writings. New York: Paulist Press. ISBN&#;.

  • Vicaire, M.H. (). Saint Dominic and his Times. Translated by Kathleen Pond. Green Bay, Wisconsin: Alt Publishing. ASIN&#;BCMEWR.
  • Wishart, Alfred Wesley ().

    A Short History of Monks and Monasteries. Freely available eText. Project Gutenberg.

  • Friedrich Wilhelm Bautz (). "Saint Dominic". In Bautz, Friedrich Wilhelm (ed.). Biographisch-Bibliographisches Kirchenlexikon (BBKL) (in German).

    Vol.&#;1. Hamm: Bautz. cols. – ISBN&#;.

  • Guy Bedouelle: Dominikus – Von der Kraft des Wortes. Styria, Graz/ Wien/ Köln , ISBN&#;
  • Jean-René Bouchet: Dominikus: Gefährte der Verirrten. from the Franz. von Michael Marsch.

    publisher's current texts, Heiligenkreuztal, , ISBN&#;X.

  • Peter Dyckhoff: Mit Leib und Seele beten. Illustrations and message of a mediaeval manuscript about the new form of prayer by Saint Dominic. ISBN&#;
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    Hellmeier: Dominikus begegnen. Verlag, Augsburg, , ISBN&#;

  • Wolfram Hoyer (ed.): Jordan von Sachsen. Von den Anfängen des Predigerordens. (Dominikanische Quellen und Zeugnisse; Vol. 3). Benno, Leipzig, , ISBN&#;
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    Beter und Prediger. M. Grünewald, Mainz, , ISBN&#;

External links

Order of Preachers

A list of all the congregations, notable members, priories, churches, and convents of the Order of Preachers (Dominicans)